Revenue from broadcasting is indispensable for the ongoing viability of sports organizations. When sports leagues are suspended, how should the allocation of their revenues be modified? To resolve the question posed, this paper adopts the axiomatic approach. Our analysis will rely heavily on the two extension operators, zero and leg, respectively. We reveal that the image is describable by multiple axiom sets, which embody ethical or strategic principles. These sets are characterized by the operators used on the focal rules of equal-split and concede-and-divide.
The COVID-19 pandemic has made it exponentially more demanding and expensive for medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to acquire financial resources. Smart supply chain finance, using the network platform, addresses the financing challenges of small and medium-sized enterprises in this context with notable efficiency. Within the context of smart supply chain finance development, some difficulties persist, such as the unpredictable willingness of SMEs to participate in financing, the challenge of pinpointing the best development model for platform-based core enterprises, and the absence of tailored regulatory solutions. This study proposes two smart supply chain financial models, the dominant and the cooperative models, in response to the network platform's potential for self-financing lending, particularly for platform-based core enterprises, to effectively resolve the existing problems. Our study outlines two evolutionary game models: one, a tripartite model including government, platform-based core enterprises, and small and medium-sized enterprises; and the other, a quadrilateral model composed of government, financial institutions, platform-based core enterprises, and SMEs. The study explores the dynamic processes of evolution and stability mechanisms adopted by each participant in relation to varying operational modes. In conjunction with this, we investigate the platforms' inclination to opt for various methodologies and the corresponding government regulatory frameworks. This research effort generates several consequential conclusions. Core businesses without the conditions to construct a highly intelligent platform select a cooperative model; if those conditions are met, the dominant model takes precedence. To ensure the steady progress of smart supply chain finance, which is governed by the current model, rigorous government oversight is indispensable. By manipulating tax rates and subsidies, the government can influence the shifting dynamics between these two operational models, allowing for a balanced development of the dominant and cooperative models within the market.
While multi-agent models have yielded valuable insights into economic and managerial dilemmas, and their findings are often considered significant, these models nonetheless rely on the particular circumstances of pre-defined scenarios. Y-27632 mouse With the relocation of scenarios to an unfamiliar landscape, the expected results cease to align. hepatic vein We propose the exploratory computational experiment, a new research method, to address the problems presented by complex social systems. These systems are characterized by the irrational, diverse, and intricate behaviors of individuals and the dynamic, complex, and critical nature of collective action. The computational experiment's groundwork is explained initially, then the complex issues are addressed: the processes by which individuals decide in intricate scenarios, the emergence of collective behaviors from conflicting influences, and the techniques used to evaluate such collective actions. To delineate this novel approach, two illustrations exemplify the design of a scientific mechanism for augmenting traffic system efficiency, and the consequent evolution law of colossal components within scale-free networks when parameters undergo continuous modification. Multi-agent models, incorporating irrational individual behaviors, demonstrate the influence of limited game radii and memory lengths on social problem representation accuracy; the exploratory computational experiments offer more profound conclusions.
Publicly funded healthcare systems and pharmaceutical supply chains often face high costs, prompting a concerted effort by governments and participating companies to identify and implement cost-saving measures. This study scrutinizes the deterioration of imported pharmaceuticals, highlighting it as one of the challenges within the pharmaceutical industry's supply chains. Focusing on micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), a collaborative approach to cost reduction is outlined. A foreign patent holder of brand drugs and a domestic manufacturer form a partnership alliance through an exclusive license contract in the local country, representing the technical solution for the cooperative strategy. The pharmaceutical supply chain's distribution network inherently benefits from a noteworthy decrease in costs. Differently, supply chain management within the cooperative strategy encourages its practical execution by ensuring fair distribution of profits to producers, alongside local governments, distributors, and pharmacies. To define the parameters of the license agreement, a cooperative game theory-based contract is applied, followed by a profit-sharing approach to distribute the returns of the collaborative effort amongst the members of the supply chain in consideration of their respective costs. Next Generation Sequencing The significant advancement of this study is an integrated framework, which combines logistics network models, valuation methods, and profit-sharing mechanisms. This approach encompasses more practical elements than the previously utilized, fragmented models. The proposed strategy, when applied to the thalassemia drug supply chain in Iran, effectively led to a reduction in expenditure and a decrease in the deterioration of the drug. Subsequently, it is revealed that escalating costs associated with ordering imported pharmaceuticals directly translate to diminished market penetration by the patent holder, while a decrease in the cooperative alliance's financial burdens enhances the efficacy of the proposed approach.
The high density of people living in metropolitan areas, coupled with the emergence of high-rise structures and shifts in individual habits, has completely redefined the manner in which postal packages are delivered. Postal packages are no longer delivered to the ground floor. In the meantime, it is becoming increasingly unavoidable to deliver postal packages through the windows and balconies of upper-story apartment buildings. Therefore, a new mathematical model for the Vehicle Routing Problem, incorporating drones, has been established. This model seeks to minimize overall delivery time, enabling drone-based postal delivery across different altitude ranges. Moreover, the energy needed by the drone is determined through calculations considering wind speed, the weight of the mail, the weight of the drone, and various other factors influencing its flight path. The mathematical model, developed in various forms, is addressed using a two-phase algorithm. This algorithm effectively blends the nearest-neighbor method with local search procedures. The heuristic approach was evaluated against the solutions produced by the CPLEX solver after the implementation and resolution of several small test problems. The heuristic approach and the proposed model's efficacy and applicability are proven through real-world implementation. The results corroborate the model's capability to determine the perfect delivery route plan, specifically when the delivery locations are situated at different heights.
Many emerging nations face a fundamental challenge in managing plastic waste, which significantly impacts environmental health and public well-being. At the same time, some firms posit that improved plastic waste management has the potential to generate value and capture it, primarily considering the principles of a circular economy. Twelve organizations were involved in a longitudinal study assessing the impact of plastic waste management on Cameroon's circular economy. Cameroon's efforts to create value from plastic waste management are currently in their nascent stages, as our research indicates. A shift towards complete value creation and capture requires us to effectively confront the obstacles highlighted in the paper's analysis. After reviewing our findings, we then present prospective research directions.
A supplementary resource, available at 101007/s10479-023-05386-3, accompanies the online material.
The online document's supplementary materials are readily available at 101007/s10479-023-05386-3.
Optimization models typically pursue the maximization of overall gain or the minimization of total costs. Equity is a crucial component in numerous practical judgments, yet a mathematical formulation of this concept remains elusive. We critically review a range of schemes designed to establish ethical criteria, including those that incorporate considerations of efficiency and fairness. The survey scrutinizes metrics of inequality, Rawlsian maximin and leximax criteria, and convex combinations of fairness and efficiency, alpha fairness and proportional fairness (equivalent to Nash bargaining), the Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining, and recently suggested utility-threshold and fairness-threshold methods for merging utilitarian with maximin or leximax criteria. The paper's exploration encompasses group parity metrics, a subject of significant interest in machine learning. We highlight what appears to be the optimal approach for formulating each criterion in models that utilize linear, nonlinear, or mixed integer programming. We additionally consider axiomatic and bargaining derivations of fairness criteria from the social choice literature, whilst also recognizing interpersonal comparability of utilities. Ultimately, we reference pertinent philosophical and ethical texts as needed.
The demand for goods during disruptive periods is often met with difficulty by supply chains owing to restrictions within logistics, transportation, and supply-side operations. This study modeled a flexible supplier network for personal protective equipment (PPE), such as face masks, hand sanitizers, gloves, and face shields, by using an extensive, data-driven approach incorporating risk management to handle supply chain interruptions.